§1. INTRODUCTION
At of the end of the Ming Dynasty, Macao became a centre of Cultural exchange between China and the West despite being a minor Territory in terms of size. The Religion, Culture, Science and Arts of the West invariably entered China via Macao. Likewise it was through Macao that the doctrines of the Confucianist School were transmitted to Europe and America, as were Chinese Architecture, Painting and other Arts. After the Portuguese arrived in this Eastern land, frequent Diplomatic contact was established, contact that later extended to Spain, Holland, England and the United States of America. However, Macao gradually became a foreign Country in the course of those four-hundred years under Chinese Territorial Sovereignty, having a Social and Political life most unlike other Chinese Cities and peoples. Whenever there were Political changes in China, a substantial number of people would move to Macao. Among those that moved there, were men of integrity, loyal Civil Servants, men of Letters and literary figures: people who certainly left their mark on the Culture and Education of Macao. If these factors are taken into account, the History of Macao ceases to be merely Regional History and can be considered a pivotal link in the History of communication, Cultural exchange, Diplomacy, Education and Religion between China and the West. In no way can Macao be derided for being a small Territory.
Historical Research requires Historical Documents, which are as indispensable to the historian as bricks and roofing tiles to a house builder. There are many ways to locate Historical books. For example, on the basis of experience acquired over a Period of ten years, Ji Zhengjiao presented "eight observations on how to locate books," including a procedure for searching for a book in loco. It is only natural that people undertaking Research in Macanese History obtain Documentation from Macao. But unfortunately, there is a severe lack of Documents in Macao. Neither the Government nor private individuals possess vast Collections of books, which is why historians are forced to seek help abroad. Over the past few years, the Government of Macao has tracked down and collected Documents located outside Macao. [...] Yet there is still an immense lack of Documents in Chinese. I was born and bred in Macao and have read several books on its History. Whenever I came across Documents concerning Macao: Treaties, Papers, Diplomatic Agreements and Official Archives, I either purchased them or made photocopies in order to keep them at home like a hidden treasure. I am a professor but the Subjects I have taught have nothing to do with the History of Macao. Therefore I do not possess a great deal and it is inevitable that many things are still missing. In the following pages I have selected the Historical books and Documents related to Macao that are published or kept in Archives in the Taiwan area. I have included sum maries of the texts for those among you who share an interest in the same topic. Books located in Taiwan but not published there, have been excluded.
§2. TREATISES ON THE HISTORYOF MACAO PUBLISHEDIN THE TAIWAN AREA
Many books have been published in the Taiwan area over the past forty years, but few have Macao as the central theme. Occasionally one finds books that do not concentrate on Macao but contain scattered and incomplete references to the History of Macao. I shall mention the books one by one in order of publication date.
2.1. BOOKS WHOSE TITLES REFERS TO THE HISTORY OR DOCUMENTATION OF MACAO.
2.1.1. FENG Hanshu, Aomen Huaqiao Jiaoyu (The Education of the Macao Chinese), Taibei, Overseas Publishers, 1960 (February of the 49th year of the Republic of China).
This book is divided into eight Chapters:
Chapter 1: The Geographical location of Macao and the History of exploration there.
Chapter 2: The origin of Chinese schools. Chapter 3: The struggle of Chinese schools.
Chapter 4: The general situation of Chinese and Portuguese schools.
Chapter 5: Supervision and Administration of Chinese schools.
Chapter 6: Education in Chinese schools.
Chapter 7: Family and social education.
Chapter 8: Improvements in Chinese schools.
The main text of the book has one-hundred-and-two pages.
It is the only Treatise on the Education of the Macao Chinese to be published in the Taiwan area over the past forty years.
2.1.2. DING Zhongjiang et al, comp., Aomen Huaqiao Zhi, (Chronicle of the Macao Chinese), Taibei, Commission for the Compilation of Chronicles of Overseas Chinese, 1964 (May of the 53rd year of the Republic of China).
This book is divided into seven Chapters:
Chapter 1: General Historical and Geographical situation.
Chapter 2: The economy of the Macao Chinese.
Chapter 3: Culture and Education of the Macao Chinese.
Chapter 4: Chinese Associations and Societies in Macao.
Chapter 5: Chinese social life in Macao.
Chapter 6: Contribution of the local Chinese to Macao and to China.
Chapter 7: Treatment of the Chinese by the local Government.
The main text of the book has one-hundred-seventy-nine pages of diverse statistical information.
2.1.3. YIN Guangren - ZHANG Rulin, Aomen Jilue, (Concise Records of Macao), Taibei, Guang Wen (microfilm edition of the Xin Wei version [Qianglong: 16]), 1967 (December of the 56th year of the Republic of China).
The book has other editions, ie:
In: "Collection of Chinese Culture and History", Taibei, Hua Wen Publishers (micro-film edition of the Qi Xun version [Guangxu: 3]): Linghai Yi Wen Lu (Linghai Records of Unusual Stories).
This illustrated book is divided into three Parts:
Part 1: Situation.
Part 2: Official Defense.
Part 3: Macao Foreigners.
The Qi Xun version contains detailed Notes.
As it deals with the most ancient Records of Macao, it constitutes an indispensable reference book for researchers into Macanese History.
2.1.4. WANG Kang Nian, Aomen Gong Du Ou Cun (Extracts of Official Letters from Macao), in "Collection of the Zhen Qi Reading Room", pp. 441-515.
This book was written by Wang Kang Nian based on information acquired from his friend Wei Xu, a native of Shao Yang. Wei Xu is also called Ti Xian. One of his ancestors took charge of Tongzhi, in Qianshan, and was also responsible for matters linked with Macao.
This book contains extracts from Official Letters concerning Macao from the epoch of Wei Xu's ancestor Cai Guozhen.
This book has seventy-three pages and is of great reference value.
2.1.5. GUO Yongliang, Aomen Xiangang Zhi Zao Guanxi (Earliest Relations between Macao and Hong Kong), Taibei, Centre for Modern History Research (annexed to the Central Institute for Research), 1990 (February of the 79th year of the Republic of China).
This book is divided into a Preface and ten Chapters:
Chapter 1: Geographical location and the first inhabitants of Macao.
Chapter 2: The origin of the name Macao.
Chapter 3: Research into the ancient Wall of the City of Macao.
Chapter 4: The first castles in Macao.
Chapter 5: The first churches in Macao.
Chapter 6: English activities in Macao before the opening of Hong Kong as a commercial port.
Chapter 7: The past and the present of English cemeteries.
Chapter 8: The coolie house - Shiliuzhu.
Chapter 9: The contribution of the Macao Portuguese to the opening of Hong Kong as a commercial port.
Chapter 10: Border Gate - symbol of Sino-Western Cultural exchange.
The main text of this book has one-hundred-and-twenty-nine pages.
Readers must be wary of the content since it contains many errors. I carried out a critical Study of this publication in the Review "Information on the Research of Modem China" no 10, of the Centre for Modern History Research (annexed to the Central Institute for Research).
2.2. BOOKS WITHOUT A TITLE REFERENCE TO MACAO, YET CONTAINING HISTORICAL DATA CONCERNING MACAO.
2.2.1. QIU Fengjia, comp., Ling Yun Hai Ri Lou Shi Chao (Poems from the Hai Ri Pavilion by Ling Yun), in "Collection of Documentation of Taiwan", no70, 2 vols., Taibei, the Office of Banking and Economic Studies in Taiwan, 1960 (August of the 49th year of the Republic of China.
In: vol. 2, Part 7, p.135 -- According to the Gengzi version [Guangxu: 26], the poems: Offering in Macao and Fifteen Various Poems from Macao are found.
2.2.2. LI Zenhua, comp., Zhongwai Tiaoyue Huibian (Collection of Sino-Foreign Treaties), Taibei, Wenhai Publishers, 1964 (53 rd year of the Republic of China).
This book Records the Sino-Foreign Treaties of which the following are Sino-Portuguese:
"Treaty of Friendship and Trade", signed in Tianjin, on TZ [Tongzhi] 1: 8: 13 (18th of July 1862).
"Treaty of Friendship and Trade ", signed in Beijing, on GX [Guangxu] 13: 12: 1 (17th of October 1887).
"Special Agreement of the Meeting" [of the Treaty of Friendship and Trade], signed in Beijing, on GX 13: 12: 1 (17th October 1887).
"Agreement on the Resolution of Problems Originating in the Taxing of Foreign Medicaments" [which refers, in particular, to opium], signed in Beijing, on GX 13: 12: 1 (17th of October 1887).
"Extended and Altered Articles", signed in Beijing, on GX 28: 10: 15 (14th September 1902).
"Note on the Guangzhou-Macao Railway", signed in Beijing, on GX 28: 9: 14 (14th of September 1902).
"Customs Office Statutory Articles", signed in Beijing, on GX 28: 12: 29 (7th of January 1903).
"Trade Treaty", signed in Beijing on GX 30: 10: 5 (11th of November 1904).
"Joint Statute on the Third Clause of the New Agreement", signed in Beijing, on GX 30: 10: 5 (11th of November 1904).
"Guangzhou-Macao Railway Contract", signed in Shanghai, on GX 30: 10: 5 (11th of November 1904).
"Postage Regulations", signed in Beijing, on the 1 st of October 1917 (6th year of the Republic of China).
"Mutual Remittance of Goods Agreement", signed in Beijing, on the 6th of November 1917 (6th year of the Republic of China).
"Treaty of Friendship and Trade ", signed in Nanjing, on the 19th of December 1928 (17th year of the Republic of China).
"Media Affairs Contract", signed in Shanghai, on the 21st of July 1930 (19th year of the Republic of China).
"Exchange of Documents concerning the Annulment of Portuguese Consular Jurisdiction in China and about the Resolution of other Affairs ", signed in Nanjing, on the 1st of April 1947 (36th year of the Republic of China).
"Financial Agreement", signed in Macao, on the 4th of March 1948 (37th year of the Republic of China).
"Customs Affairs Agreement", signed in Macao, on the 12th of March 1848 (37th year of the Republic of China).
2.2.3. Qing Shi Lu (Qing Royal Records), Taibei, Hua Wen Publishers, 1964 (January of the 53rd year of the Republic of China).
This book was re-edited in June 1970. The Documentation about Macao is located in the Records of various Reigns.
2.2.4. WU Xianxiang, ed., Zhong Shan Wenxian (Zhong Shan Documentation), in: "Collection of the History of China", Taibei, Student Publishers, 1965 (March of the 54th year of the Republic of China).
This book is divided into eight volumes, including miscellaneous Chronicles of the District of Xiangshan. Macao belonged to the Disctrict of Xiangshan.
2.2.5. Ming Shi Lu (Ming Royal Records), Taibei, History and Language Research Centre (annexed to the Central Institute for Research), 1967 (March of the 56th year of the Republic of China).
This book was published in microfilm. It is very long. The Documentation concerning Macao can be found in the Records of various Reigns from the last Period of the Ming Dynasty onwards.
2.2.6. FANG Hao, Fang Hao Liushi Zi Ding Gao (Fang Hao 60 Years Book), Taibei, Student Publishers, 1967, (June of the 56th year of the Republic of China).
This book is divided into two large volumes plus a Supplementary volume. It contains multiple data concerning Macao, ie:
In: vol.1 -- Features, among others, texts such as a Research into the Introduction of the Latin Language in China, a Research into the Introduction of Seven Thousand Foreign Books in China during The Ming Dynasty and the Mixing of SinoWestern Blood in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In: vol.2 -- Provides data about Matteo Ricci, Nan Huairen, Wu Yushan and others, as well as information about travels expenses to Macao and Chendu, during the Qianlong Period. Of the Chinese Documentation Dispersed in Spain and Portugal, the following Sections are, above all, a valuable Source of information:
Section 8: Important Archives of Lisbon.
Section 9: Chinese Documentation in the [AHU] Historical Overseas Archive, [in Lisbon].
Section 10: Chinese Documentation in the [ANTT] Torre de Tombo [National] Archive, [in Lisbon].
The following list is a selection of Documents from the Supplemmentary volume:
2.2.6.1. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING ENTRANCE INTO OFFICE BY THE CHINESE MANDARINS.
2.2.6.1.1. On JQ [Jiaqing] 17: 2: 22, zuotang (sub-Chief) Pan, of the District of Xiangshan, arrived to assume Office and undertake an inspection, ordering that the Portuguese Governor to be informed of this fact. (64)**
2.2.6.1.2. On JQ 17: 9: 6, Ji, appointed Commander of the Army and the People for the Maritime Defense of Macao responsible for patroling and safeguarding sea routes in the Districts of Shunde and Xiangshan, registered as fuzhengtang (Commander) at rank 10 of the hierarchy, sent an Official Letter informing the Portuguese Governor that he had assumed Office and undertaken an inspection on the 2nd of this month. (22)
2.2.6.1.3. On JQ 18: 2: 16, Zhou, appointed Commander of the Army and the People for the Maritime Defense of Macao, responsible for patroling and safeguarding sea routes in the Districts of Shunde and Xiangshan, registered as zhengtang (Chief) District at rank 12 of the hierarchy, sent an Official Letter informing the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo, that he had assumed Office and undertaken an inspection on the 13th of this month. (94)
2.2.6.4. On JQ 19: 12: 7, Liang, appointed Commander of the Army and the People for the Maritime Defense of Macao responsible for patroling and safeguarding sea routes in the Districts of Shunde and Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter informing the Portuguese Governor that he had assumed Office and undertaken an inspection on the 4th of this month. (122)
2.2.6.2. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE ARRIVAL OF CHINESE MANDARINS IN MACAO.
2.2.6.2.1. On JQ 17: 1: 17, Ma, appointed Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"I will arrive in person, to Macao, on the 19th of this month in an Official capacity. Prepare an Official residence and await my arrival." (68)
2.2.6.2.2. On JQ 17: 3: 17, Pan, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Prepare in Macao an Official residence and await my arrival for an inspection." (73)
2.2.6.2.3. On JQ 17: 4: 4, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"My arrival in Macao is confirmed for the 5th of this month in Order to ascertain that the Portuguese Gao Linyuan*** and two others have boarded the ship to return to their Country. Prepare an Official residence. And why did Wang Ya Ge Bo remain?" (57)
2.2.6.2.4. On JQ 17: 6: 3, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"My arrival in Macao is confirmed for the 5th of this month in an Official capacity. Prepare an Official residence and await my arrival." (45)
2.2.6.2.5. On JQ 17: 7: 3, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, gave an Order:
"My arrival in Macao is confirmed for the 7th of this month in an Official capacity. Prepare an Official residence and await my arrival." (38)
2.2.6.2.6. On JQ 17: 10: 20, Ji, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao,. gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo***:
"I will arrive in Macao on the 16th of this month in an Official capacity. Prepare an Official residence and await my arrival. Treatment should be in accordance with previous practice with all the usual formalities." (8)
2.2.6.2.7. On JQ 17: 12: 20, Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo***:
"I am back at my former post and will be in Macao briefly. Prepare an Official residence." (1)
2.2.6.2.8. On JQ 19: 12:, Liang, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"I will arrive in Macao on the 10th of this month in Order to inspect the Local situation. Prepare an Official residence and Order the Portuguese soldiers to await my arrival in the Port of São Paulo (St. Paul[sic] to give a gun salute from the castle. (121)
2.2.6.3. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING PAYMENT OF THE MACAO GROUND RENT.
2.2.6.3.1. On JQ 17: 11: 11, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Immediately pay 515 silver liangs for the Macao ground rent for this year." (31)
2.2.6.3.2. On JQ 17: 11: 24, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order:
"Pay the Macao ground rent, a sum of 515 silver liangs, by the Winter solstice." (5)
2.2.6.3.3. On JQ 17: 12: 14, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo (Fu Langsishing)*:
"You must pay 515 silver liangs for the Macao ground rent by the [end of] the 17th year of the Jiaqing Period. You must pay in pure silver. Payment in coins of foreign silver is no longer permitted." (4)
2.2.6.3.4. On JQ 18: 12: 5, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"I am going to send Mandarins and silversmiths, equipped with weights, to settle the Macao ground rent with respect to the 18th year of the Jiaqing Period, at a sum of 515 silver liangs. Payment in coins of foreign silver is no longer permitted. The money paid must be sent to the fanxian (Provincial Mandarin) and included in the ground and service tributes. (92)
2.2.6.4. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE PROHIBITION OF PORTUGUESE BORDER CROSSINGS.
2.2.6.4.1. On JQ 19: 9: 11, Ma, zhengtang of ther District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"For two-hundred years, you, Portuguese [...] have lived as tenants in Macao. [...] In accordance with stipulated borders, you are only permitted to live on the other side of the Border Gates and are forbidden to enter and leave without Authorisation. [...] The Portuguese Governor always wielded tight control over Portuguese and they never crossed the border to disturb the peace For this reason peace reigned between the Chinese and the Portuguese. But we have been informed that after JQ 19: 8: 20, five or six Macao Portuguese surreptitiously left for the Country, towards the foot of Wu Gui Shan mountain, Luomo, Houmen, Yaojing and other places. They spoiled the sweet potato of the local inhabitants and poached their ducks. Wu Gui Shan and other hamlets are situated at a distance of forty or fifty li [two li = one km] from Macao. [...] The Portuguese must be strictly controlled. [...] After investigation, the response came: As a result of ignorance and deceit, they crossed the border and lost their way. On account of hunger, they dug up and poached food." (117)****
2.2.6.5. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING PORTUGUESECIVIL SERVANTS IN MACAO.
2.2.6.5.1. On JQ: 17: 10: 14, the people and traders of Macao sought to keep the Portuguese functionary Mei E* in Office by submitting a Letter to a Chinese Mandarin, stating:
"In spite of being a Portuguese Civil Servant, he is always under your Jurisdiction. They also wrote a Letter to the Portuguese King." (152)
2.2.6.5.2. On JQ 19: 6: 26, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Communicate my reprehension to the owner of ship no3. [...] The [Portuguese?] foreigners of that ship, in collusion with the Chinese, undertook robberies and shared the stolen goods, but information about this fact only came to our knowledge after the event; further, the men of the ship were not apprehended for appearance before the Judge. He is really stupid."(104)
2.2.6.5.3. On JQ 19: 7: 15, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify the following incident: why did Land Captain Lucas* return to Macao when he had received an Order to go to Portugal for not having undertaken his duties honestly, in the 13th year of the Jiaqing Period? Further, he did not bring a grant from his King, for which reason Land Captain" Aleixo* did not want to hand the Power over to him." (103)
2.2.6.5.4. On JQ 19: 8: 21, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Land Captain Lucas* must be repatriated immediately." (111)
2.2.6.6. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING CHINESE CRIMINALS.
2.2.6.6.1. On JQ 17: 5: 23, Pan, zuotan of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"In Order to capture the bandits, the sailors must be carefully chosen. You Portuguese soldiers can only patrol your own Territory. As regards the Chinese criminals, you, the Portuguese, cannot question or detain them. If you discover wrongdoers and illegal acts, you can inform us of the incidents mentioning names." (50)
2.2.6.6.2. On JQ 17: 7: 7, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"To communicate the Order to the Portuguese of Macao not to rent houses to the fishermen of the Xin'an ships. Since the 6th year of the Jiaqing Period, Yu Tiancang and another three families have infiltrated Macao. There are many wrongdoers, they live in secret in that place." (41)
2.2.6.6.3. On JQ 19: 11: 13, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"In accordance with Higher Order it is necessary to detain the criminals [sixteen people] and it is not permitted that they be hidden in Macao." (126)
2.2.6.7. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING CHINESE SOLDIERS AND SAILORS
2.2.6.7.1. On JQ 17: 5: 22, Ma, Commander in Chief of the Army and the People for the Maritime Defense of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"I consider your request for decreasing the corvette services a mistake. Also, inform the Land Captain that in Order to avoid conflict, it is neither necessary to increase the number of Portuguese soldiers, nor send them." (61)
2.2.6.8. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING OFFENSES AGAINST THE CHINESE
2.2.6.8.1. In JQ 17: 1: 8, Zhou, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to a Portuguese officer:
"Why did the present Portuguese Governor Yang Anduoni* [António?] [sic]not respect the law and gravely assault Shi Huiyuan, a Member of the Imperial Academy? Communicate clearly what in fact happened." (67)
2.2.6.8.2. On JQ 17: 2: 3, Ma, Commanderin-Chief of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Officer, Si Da* and others, in Order to summon the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*, right away so that he be punished, in accordance with the Law, for acts of which he was in the process of being accused by Shi Huiyuan, Member of the Imperial Academy:
"The present Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*, was always wicked and bad. " (70)
2.2.6.8.3. On JQ 19: 8: 16, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
" Examine the injuries sustained by Fang Guojie and Gan Ya Gong. Summon a doctor to treat them, detain the Portuguese criminal and await my arrival to settle the case." (109)
2.2.6.8.4. On JQ 19: 8: 17, Zhou, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Immediately send the criminal Fu Langsishig* [Francisco], native of Luzon [Philippines], so he can be imprisoned and the investigation safeguarded." (110)
2.2.6.8.5. On JQ 19: 8:, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Imprison the Portuguese criminal Fu Langsishig* [Francisco], under heavy guard. Fang Guojie and Gan Yagong were injured." (113)
2.2.6.9. DOCUMENTS PROHIBITING THE OCCUPATION OF LAND FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES
2.2.6.9.1. On JQ 20: 4: 25, an Order was given to the Portuguese Governor:
"To halt construction, and not to send black slaves to complete the stone wall." (141, incomplete.)
2.2.6.9.2. On JQ 20: 8: 16, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the local sailors Yu Yugong, Shi Wenji and Liu Degao:
"In collaboration with the gentlemen Zhao Yunqing and Ye Hengshu, verify whether the coastal areas were occupied by the inhabitants for construction purposes? It is vital to draw a plan and send a response within five days so Order that I personally can undertake an investigation. It was verified recently that, in the coastal zone of Macao, some inhabitants occupied lands, intended for construction, without authorisation or by paying money to the foreigners as ground rent. They undertook construction in collusion with the Portuguese." (118)
2.2.6.10. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING FEUDS AND DISPUTES AMONG THE WESTERNERS
2.2.6.10.1. On JQ 19: 8: 3, Luo, dudu of the Empire and Commander of the Army and Maritime Defense of the District of Xiangshan in the Province of Guangdong, at rank 5 of the hierarchy, sent a note to the Representative of the Kingdom of Portugal accredited in Macao:
"The English and Americans are arguing over a ship, which has been ordered to be temporarily detained. Only after receiving Orders from this Department about how to deal with this matter can the ship be sent under escort." (129)
2.2.6.10.2. On JQ 19: 8: 16, Ma, zhengtan of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify how the 'red-haired' [English?] sailor was injured and killed by the Portuguese soldier. (112)
2.2.6.10.3. On JQ 19: 11.16, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Functionary Mei E: *
"I command you to submit a written account within three days on how the 'red-haired' [English?] sailor Ji Li* was killed and stabbed by the Portuguese soldiers Luo Weizhi Ga* and Li Shi*, in front of the church of S. Agostinho (St. Augustine)." (125)
2.2.6.11. DOCUMENTS PROHIBITING THE STAY OF AN ENGLISHMAN.
2.13.1. On JQ 18: 9: 8, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Functionary Mei E* and to the Portuguese Governor:
"Order the Englishman La Fo* to return to his Country before the deadline, and not to stay here on the pretext of ill-health." (n. n.)
2.2.6.12. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING OPIUM
2.2.6.12.1. In JQ 16: 9: XX, Mei E (Dai Li Chi Jia Bu Long Die Tu Li Wei Xia)*, then Representative of Portugal internally responsible for Foreign Affairs, in Macao, requested that the [Portuguese?] foreigner Ya Gu Xian Yu Di Sha*:
"[...] to be exempt to bring fifteen chests of raw opium for sale abroad."
Note: Seeing the fortune involved, the Customs Officer demanded ten thousand liangs in silver as a settlement.
2.2.6.12.2. On JQ 19: 12: 24, the Portuguese Governor approved the Order to investigate and detain the criminals who traded opium in Macao.
2.2.6.12.3. On JQ 19: 12: 25, the xunfu (Provincial Mandarin) approved the Order, in accordance with the joint Report by Li, Commander of the District of Shanghai, and Ma, Commander of the District of Xiangshan. (127)
2.2.6.12.4. On JQ 20: 4: 12 Liu, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese functionary Mei E (Dai Chi Bu Jia Long Die Tu Li Xia)*:
"To prohibit the trade of opium and to destroy any that was seized as soon as possible." (134)
2.2.6.12.5. On JQ 20: 7: 6, Ma, zhengtang of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"When the Portuguese trading boats arrive in Macao, they must declare themselves to the Customs Office within three days. Order the [Portuguese?] foreign traders not to bring opium." (144)
2.2.6.12.6. On JQ 20: 7: 11, Li, Commander of defense of the Han Army responsible for Admin istering the Customs duties of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Ship no 10 and others must be inspected to check whether they are smuggling opium." (135)
2.2.6.12.7. [n. d.]: Seven chests of raw opium were submitted to the guards of the Mage[A-Ma] Temple. (151)
2.2.6.13. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING DEBTS BETWEEN THE CHINESE AND THE WESTERNERS
2.2.6.13.1. On JQ 17: 1: 29, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People for the Maritime Defense of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Send the priest Badili Yuzhe* [José?] of Zhen Nu Yuan* [Church of the Virgin Mary?] 6.5 silver coins, the rent that, until last year was paid by Wu Ah Jie. Zhen Nu Miao on Rua do Campo [...] in the 13th year of the Jiaqing Period. The traders fled in panic because of the arrival of the 'red-haired' [English?] foreigners, and my wife and I also went to live in another place for a few months. That year we only lived there a few months. The [Portuguese?] foreign priest Yu Zhe* [...]." (66)
2.2.6.13.2. On JQ 17: 2: 3, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Investigate the rent debts of An Duo Ni* [António] and A Liduo*." (71)
2.2.6.13.3. On JQ 17: 10: 14, Ji, Commander of the Army and People of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
"Verify how much money Ji Li Ge received from Ji Kai Feng as payment for goods. This Portuguese drowned, but did he leave any money or other things for the Portuguese to look after? Is the house where Ji Li Ge lives really the property of Wei Xian Di Ma De Sha? How is the money he owes Ji Kai Feng, how to be settled? Submit a suitable and impartial proposal." (17)
2.2.6.13.4. On JQ 19: 4: 6 Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Send as my escort Lin Ya Pei* together with the written material he signed and that which Chen Wen Shi submitted earlier, so that the case can be open to questions and investigated." Lin Ya Pei is Portuguese and he asked for a loan of 83 foreign silver coins, at an interest rate of 1.5%." (97)
2.2.6.13.5. On JQ 19: 6: 14, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent out the above Order [2.2.6.13.4.] to the Portuguese Governor. (101 )
2.2.6.14. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING HOUSESAND RENT
2.2.6.14.1. On JQ 17: 3: 16, Ma, Commander of the Army and People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Communicate my Order to the foreigners of Zhen Nu Yuan that they cannot increase rent on the house on Rua do Campo, rented to Wu Ya Jie." (75)
2.2.6.14.2. On JQ 17: 5: 7, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Authorize the former foreign Official Bai Ba* to repair the house on the street of the church of St. Lawrence (S. Lourenço)." (49)
2.2.6.14.3. On JQ 17: 8: 15, Yang, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Communicate my Order to the ex-Governor Man Wei Bi Li Xia that if he wishes to recover the house, he must compensate Zhang Jikuan, and return to him part of the trespass money he paid." (30)
2.2.6.14.4. [n. d.]. A Liduo* submits an account stating that a Portuguese woman [...] has a shop on the street of the church of São Lourenço (St. Lawrence) that was occupied by Lin Shucang, for which an investigation of the case is requested regarding its being returned. (155)
2.2.6.15. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE TRANSLATION OF FOREIGN LETTERS AND BOOKS
2.2.6.15.1. On JQ 17: 10: 6, Ji, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"The church of S. José (St. Joseph) sent Mr. Li a Letter in a foreign Language and four books of Mathematics to dongtang. Send the translator Andili [André?] to translate the four Mathematics books into Chinese." (23)
2.2.6.15.2. On JQ 18: 6: 29, Zhou, Commander of the Army and People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Examine the four Mathematics books and submit them to the Governor of the church of S. José (St. Joseph). It is not necessary to send them to us but it is necessary to bring five receipts. [...] The Portuguese Letter has already been translated in accordance with the Order. As regards the Mathematics books, a wide search was made but the translator was not found. Although they say the books are used for Astronomy calculations, it is of no great importance. Whatever the case, they are books that the [Portuguese?] foreigners sent to the capital. If they were to be submitted without being translated, it would not correspond to the Regulation." (87)
2.2.6.16. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE BLACKS
2.2.6.16.1. On JQ 17: 5: 7, Pan, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Henceforth, when Chinese who disturb the peace are detained, they must be immediately sent to the local judge. They must not be assaulted without Authorization. [...] On the 3rd of this month, between 7 pm and 9 pm, Guo Ya You and two others committed robbery, the Portuguese Governor sent a black slave to deliver 30 heavy blows to the palms of Guo Ya You." (48)
2.2.6.16.2. On JQ 17: 5: 29, Pan, zuotang of the District of the Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Communicate immediately to the Portuguese owners that they should control their black slaves. In Macao, there are several hundred black slaves. They often walk in groups in the streets. They plunder the fruit sellers, or being drunk, commit violent acts, disturbing the peace. There are innumerable examples of this. [...] On the JQ 17: 5: 27 of this month, between 3 pm and 5 pm in the afternoon, several blacks belonging to the family of the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo* [...] committed acts of violence." (54)
2.2.6.16.3. On JQ 17: 8: 28, Gu, zuotang of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify the identity of the black slaves and Portuguese soldiers who committed acts of violence against Wu Ya Biao and others, and put them into a heavily guarded prison." (33)
2.2.6.16.4. On JQ17: 10: 10, Gu, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify which black slaves and Portuguese soldiers destroyed and plundered the merchandise in the shops of Wu Ya Biao and others, in Order to force them to make amends. Verify which foreign soldiers and black slaves disturbed the peace and committed acts of violence."(20)
2.2.6.16.5. On JQ 17: 9: 12, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Immediately detain Me Lu who, in a state of drunkenness, committed acts of violence, and verify also which Portuguese soldiers and black slaves assisted in the assault and injuring of persons, in Order that they all be incarcerated. If anyone manages to escape, the Portuguese Governor will be held responsible. On JQ17: 8: 26, between 5 pm and 7 pm the owners of the three-storey shops, Wu Ya Biao, Guo Ningyuan, Guo Yahan, Huang Yayi and Wu Yadi were injured by blows." (21)
2.2.6.16.6. On JQ 17: 9: 30, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Severely punish the criminal in accordance with your Laws, and also the foreign soldiers and black slaves who assisted in the assault and injuring of others." (25)
2.2.6.16.7. In JQ 19: 8: XX, Ma, zhentang of the District of Ziangshan, made an Official announcement:
"The sale of wine to black Portuguese in the taverns is strongly prohibited in Order to eliminate the disturbances. (128)
(The date on the announcement is no longer visible, but the text of the announcement makes reference to Portuguese injuring a "red-haired" [English?] foreigner, the Chinese Gang Yagong and others. The Document dated JQ 19: 8: 16 refers to the death of the "red-haired" foreign sailor, [caused by] Portuguese" and to the injuring of Gang Yagong and another.
See: 2.2.6.10. "Documents concerning feuds and disputes among the Westerners"supra and 2. 2. 6. 8 "Documents concerning offenses against the Chinese"supra.)
2.2.6.16.8. On JQ 19: 9: 14, Zhou, sub zuotang of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Control the slaves and Order the owners of these black slaves to return the stolen clothes to Wu Lu Ting and pay back his money."(116)
2.2.6.17. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE INVESTIGATION OF SHIPPED MERCHANDISE
2.2.6.17.1. On JQ 18: 10: 27, Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"When the foreign ships return to Macao, immediately inspect the rock-salt they are bringing." (82)
2.2.6.17.2. On JQ 20: 5: 3, Liu, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, gave an Order to the Governor, Mei E*, requesting that he submit a written Report describing the financial calculations for the purchase of zinc, which Wu Dun Yuan* and other [Portuguese?] foreign traders brought. (136)
2.2.6.18. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING PORTUGUESE SHIPS
2.2.6.18.1. In JQ 18: 3: XX, the Portuguese Governor, Mei E*, requested Authorization for a small Portuguese boat with three sails seeking to purchase merchandise. (154)
2.2.6.18.2. On JQ 18: 4: 18, Zhou, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Forcefully Order the owner of the ship that arrived in Macao, in JQ 18: 1 to switch positions with ship no2, because it can only raise anchor after the [Portuguese?] foreign trader of the trading house in the Provincial capital makes the security pledge." (80)
2.2.6.18.3. On JQ 18: 5: 7, Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Forcefully Order the owner of the Portuguese ship no2 Anduoni Gu Lu Shu* [António Grosso?] not to raise anchor before receiving permission." (81)
2.2.6.18.4. On JQ 18: 5: 15, Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify whether the Permit was given to the owner of the Portuguese ship no2 Anduoni Gu Lu Shu* [António Grosso?] to raise anchor." (89)
On JQ 18: 12: 4, the same Order was repeated. (91)
2.2.6.18.5. On JQ 18: 6: 13, Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify whether the Permit was given to the owner of the Portuguese ship no2 for raising anchor or did the ship raise anchor without Authorization, without respecting the Order to delay?" (84)
Chen Ah Zhen transported smuggled cinnamon in Order to avoid duties.
2.2.6.18.6. On JQ 18: 11: 3, Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Order the Portuguese not to unload cargo without Authorization." (89)
2.2.6.18.7. On JQ 18: 11: 5 Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"The Portuguese ship brought by the storm to Macao on JQ 18: 9: 6 is Authorized to fill the vacancy of the absent ship. Henceforth, this case cannot be used as an example for ships arriving with scant merchandise." (83)
2.2.6.19. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE SHIPS FROM PORTUGUESE INDIES
2.2.6.19.1. On JQ 19: 7: 3, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Carefully inspect the [Portuguese?] foreign boat piloted by Kan Ma Lu* of the Portuguese Indies." (180)
2.2.6.19.2. On JQ 19: 7: 8, Zhou, sub zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave the same Order. (107)
2.2.6.19.3. On JQ 19: 8: 7, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify why there is an uncertain number of traders and sailors on the ship from the Portuguese Indies, An Bai Li Yao*, which is in the Tanzaijiao Sea, in Fujian."(114)
2.2.6.20. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE WORKFORCE OF THE LUZON [PHILIPPINES] SHIPS
2.2.6.20.1. On JQ 17: 5: 26, Zhu, Commander responsible for the Administration of Customs Duties, in Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"In accordance to Regulations, immediately Order that the Luzon [Philippines] ships return to Macao to fill the vacancy of the absent ships, so that the size of the ships can be measured and the levying of Duties carried out. No pretext for requesting a favour will be accepted." (46)
2.2.6.20.2. On JQ 19: 5: 10, Zhou, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify why ship no8 did not return to Macao. And also, what is the name of the Luzon [Philippines] ship that substituted it to fill the vacancy?" (99)
2.2.6.20.3. On JQ 19: 5: 18 Zhou, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify the names of the two Luzon [Philippines] ships. Why have ships no 10and no 11 just declared the beginning of the journey when they were already substituted? Also verify why they are not returning to Macao." (98)
2.2.6.21. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING ENGLISH SHIPS
2.26.21.1. On JQ 17: 6: 18, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Communicate the Order to the English ship Wei Tu Fei* that it forthwith halt repairs to the ship in Order to raise anchor. Forcefully Order the traders and sailors not to disembark in Order to avoid disturbances. "(42)
2.2.6.21.2. On JQ 17: 6: 24, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify whether the English ship Wei Tu Fei* is the same ship of the "Country merchant" Li Ka*, and report the departure date of this ship after repairs." (44)
2.26.21.3. On JQ 17: 8: 6, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Order the owner of the "supercargo" of the "red-haired" [English?] ones to make haste to arrange the immediate entry of 5 ships of the [Portuguese?] foreign traders Jin Bu Lu*, Bu Zhi Bai*, La Chan Er*, Jia La Shi* and others." (19)
2.2.6.21.4. On JQ 17: 9: 6, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify whether the English ship Wei Tu Fei*, which according to the previous Report was overtaken by the storm on leaving the port of Huangpu and entered the port of Macao for repairs, is the same ship as the "Country merchant" Li Ka*. Or is it a different ship? Order that ship to make haste with repairs so as to raise anchor." (28)
2.2.6.21.5. On JQ 18: 11: 16, Li, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Land Captain, the Governor and a Portuguese Functionary:
"The English patrol ship Ba Ji Ren* should not drop anchor in Macao, in the dock of Mage [AMa] Temple." (95)
Note: It was only permitted to moor in the sea, beyond Jijingyang. In the ship there were about twenty sailors.
2.2.6.21.6. On JQ 18: 11: 27, Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Communicate the Order to the English "supercargo" to verify why the English merchant ship Jia Bi Li* was prevented from departing by the patrol ship Ba Jin Ren*?" (86)
2.2.6.21.7. On JQ 19: 7: 21, a Portuguese Functionary communicated the Order to the "supercargo" and the English Captain that the patrol ship Ba Jin Ren* establish its departure date. Also he communicated the Order to the "red-haired" [English] "supercargo" to supply the "customer" and allow him to raise anchor, so that he continue trading: If you continue to disobey as before, we will request that the Provincial Mandarin send the Navy to heavily bombard without mercy [...] In the text the Portuguese King and the English King must be identically treated so as to place them on the same level as the Emperor of China, in spite of the great difference between the social regimes. All this is advised." (130, incomplete.)
2.2.6.21.8. Undated, but undoubtedly JQ 18 or JQ 19, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Functionary, Mei E:
"You must not allow the English ship to depart. [...] Recently, England and the United States have been at loggerheads with each other. When all the American ships come to Guangzhou to trade, they always bring soldiers and canons with the sole intention of plundering the English merchant ships. For which reason England called in another patrol ship Ba Jin Ren*, which cruises the outer seas of the port of Huangpu to escort the merchant ships. In fact, this is not intended to disturb the peace in the inland waters." (142, incomplete.)
2.2.6.22. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING RUSSIAN SHIPS
2.26.22.1. In JQ 11: [?]: [?], [n. n.], zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"On JQ 11: 1: 1 we received an Imperial Order [...] In JQ 10: 11: 10 two Russian boats arrived. One Captain is called Zi Cha Dong* and the other A Er San Zhe* [...] Verify whether they are in fact Russian ships and whether they arrived in this Empire from Akezi? How did they know the route? [...] In accordance with an Imperial Order, if more ships like these arrive in Guangzhou, or ships from other Countries which have never been here before, the local Officials cannot allow them entry without Authorization." (38)
2.2.6.22.2. On JQ 19: 9: 21, Peng, Commander of the Maritime Defense of Dengzhou of Shandong and Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, jointly sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Order the Russian trader Bu Di Shao* to explain in detail why, and how, he arrived in Macao and hasten him to raise anchor. On JQ 19: 9: 10, a ship of the Russian trader Bu Di Shao* moored in the Ji Jingyang seas. [...] According to the owner of the ship, the ship received a cargo of palm nuts and other merchandise in the port of Malacca. It left port in the direction of the Home Country. It was carried hereby the wind. It is still undecided whether to return to its Country or enter port [...] On board there are thirty-two traders and sailors, four canons, twenty rifles, twenty swords and sabres, two-hundred kilos of [gun] - powder [and] two-hundred bullets. [...] It is verified that Russia is situated in the extreme North. It always undertook trade in Qia Ke Tu and never sailed to Guangzhou. In the 10th year of the Jiaqing Period, two ships from a Country called Lu Chen entered port. By dint of the investigations of Yan, former Head of Customs, Lu Chen is really Russia. At that time, together with the ex-Provincial Mandarin Na and the ex-xunfu Sun, a Memorial was presented to the Emperor. In accordance with an Imperial Order, if more [Russian only?] foreign ships that have never been in Guangzhou arrive and request permission to trade in this place, they must not be Authorized under any circumstances without an advance permit. [...] In addition to ordering the [Portuguese?] foreign trader Wu Dun Yuan* and others to keep the peace, undertake a full investigation [...]. (115)
2.2.6.22.3. On JQ 19: 10: 3, Guan, Commander of the Foshan Department of the Army and the People of Macao, gave an Order to a Portuguese Functionary:
"Communicate to the [Russian?] foreign traders the Order that they must not use sampans [sanban] without Authorization for drawing up alongside the foreign ships and unloading cargo." (132)
Note: This Order refers to the Russian ship Bu Di Shao*.
2.2.6.22.4. On JQ 19: 10: 20, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Functionary, Mei E*:
"On JQ 19: 9: 10 a Russian ship arrived in Macao. We only began to receive information from them after hearing of this fact and sending an Order and going to Macao to investigate the matter in accordance with the Order of the xunfu. Furthermore, the Report is dated JQ 19: 9: 28, but it only arrived in the District on JQ 19: 10: 190. Macao is situated 50 kilometers from the District headquarters, so why did the Report take twenty days to arrive? It is clear that they anticipated the date." (131)
2.2.6.23. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING NORTH AMERICAN SHIPS
2.2.6.23.1. On JQ 18: 11: 14, Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify why the North American ship entered the port of Macao without Authorization. Expel it immediately. Do not allow it to remain and disturb the peace." According to the Report by Miao Tai*, Functionary of Macao: "On the 4th of this month, pilot Liu Qi Fang* brought an American ship into port to moor. Verify whether the ship is carrying weapons, and whether it has only ten traders and sailors." (93)
2.2.6.24. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING FOREIGN SHIPS CAUGHT IN A STORM
2.2.6.24.1. On JQ 17: 11: 5, Gu, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
"Verify the identity of the Portuguese who took refuge in the sampan [sanban] found on the Macao river on JQ: 17: 9: 4. On which seas were they caught by a storm? Have they been in Macao before? Why did they enter port in the sampan [sanban]? Is there any dishonest motive?" (11)
2.2.6.25. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING SHIPS BELONGING TO PORTUGUESE RESIDENTS, IN MACAO
2.2.6.25.1. On JQ 18: 4: 10, De, Customs Inspector appointed by the Emperor to administer Customs Duties in the seas of Guangdong, rank 5 of the hierarchy, ordered an Announcement to be made:
"In Order that the Law be observed, Portuguese residents are prohibited from building wooden boats and sampans [sanban] and are not allowed to refuse inspection. The announcement will be broadcast in Macao for general information." (79)
2.2.6.25.2. On JQ 18: 11: 5, Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Portuguese residents can only have five sampans [sanban] when functioning as large boats. Whenever they intend to transport things in a boat, they must make an advance Declaration; if they contract more people to man the boat, they must declare this to the Customs." (90)
2.2.6.25.3. On JQ 19: 2: 24, intercalate year of the Jiaqing Period, Guan, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, gave an Order to a Portuguese Functionary:
"Henceforth, when sampans [sanban] enter and leave, a Declaration must be made at the Customs post on Praia Grande so a travel permit may be" issued after examination. (128)
2.2.6.26.4. On JQ 19: 3: 8, Zhang, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official reply to the Portuguese Representative in Macao:
"When the sampans [sanban] enter or leave they must make a Declaration in Order to receive a Travel Permit after being inspected and certified. When family members of the Portuguese enter Macao, they must disembark on Praya Grande in Order to avoid smuggling." (124)
2.2.6.26. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE MANNING OF OTHER FOREIGN SHIPS
2.2.6.26.1. On JQ 17: 6: 9, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Small boats need not be measured and it is not necessary for them to send an application to this Department." (43)
2.2.6.26.2. On JQ 17: 7: 3, Wang, Commander responsible for the Administration of the Customs Duty of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Measure the [Portuguese?] foreign ship Bi Li Ji*. What merchandise did it bring? Will it continue to do trade here? Or does it have another destination? The ship returned from Luzon in JQ 17: 5. XX." (35)
2.2.6.26.3. On JQ 17: 8: 28, Gu, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Henceforth, if the foreign ships return to Macao, we must be informed immediately. In past years, the Portuguese Governor always informed us of the departure date and return (of these twentyfive boats), as well as those of Portugal, Goa, and Luzon, which came to substitute the absent ships, filling the vacancies. [...] On JQ 17: 8: 20, a Portuguese ship came to Macao to substitute the ship no10, but we were not informed until JQ 17: 8: 26 [...]." (32)
2.2.6.26.4. In JQ 19: 6: XXJ, Pu, Commander responsible for the Administration of the Customs Duties of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Order the small ship coming from the Coast to substitute ship no7 Rong Jin Min Yu* and measure its size."(100)
2.2.6.26.5. On JQ 19: 10: 2, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify why the number of traders and sailors on ship no 18 does not correspond to the list?" (119)
2.2.6.26.6. On JQ 19: 10: 10, Zhou, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave the same Order. (120)
2.26.26.7. On JQ 20: 6: 12, Li, Head of the White Flag Army Defense responsible for the Administration of Customs Duty of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"If ships nos 1, 10, 22 and 23 enter port, immediately inform the Customs of this matter. Also inform all the [Portuguese?] foreign traders that as of now, when [Portuguese?] foreign ships enter port, they must immediately inform the Customs." (143)
2.2.6.27. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING VIETNAM
2.2.6.26.1. On JQ 17: 6: 25, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Ships from Vietnam, like ships from other Countries, are forbidden from mooring in the port without Authorization. What is the Portuguese Cha Lao Ge* doing in Macao? How dare he contact the Vietnamese ship Pan Jia Cheng* without Authorization? What business have they agreed on? Communicate the Order to all Portuguese in Macao that they must not transgress the Regulations by contacting this ship without Authorization."(39)
2.2.6.27.2. On JQ 17: 8: 22, Gu, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Return the original goods and Order Pan Jia Cheng* of the Vietnamese ship to raise anchor immediately." (34)
2.2.27.3. On JQ 17: 9: 3, Zheng, zhengtang of Xiangshan, gave an Order:
"Immediately return to Pan Jia Cheng* of Vietnam all the ebony wood unloaded from the ship so that he can return to his Country." (24)
2.2.6.28. DOCUMENT CONCERNING THE TEMPLE OF THE LEPERS
2.2.6.28.1. On JQ 17: 4: 3, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify the state of the land at the foot of the mountain of the Temple of the Lepers." (78)
2.2.6.28.2. On JQ 17: 5: 12, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Immediately send a written Report concerning the land situated at the foot of the mountain of the Temple of the Lepers. Is it cultivated by the [Portuguese?] foreign lepers of the Temple? Or is it leased to the farmers of the area for cultivation? Can they maintain a lasting harmonious relationship so that the [Portuguese?] foreign lepers do not lose their abodes? How much is the annual rent? Is it sufficient to pay for the annual food supply of the [Portuguese?] foreign lepers?" (47)
2.2.6.28.3. On JQ 17: 10: 16, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify whether the former translator has already gone to live within the walls? As regards the land situated at the foot of the mountain of the Temple of the Lepers, what is the sum of the rent? If the food is not handed over to the lepers, what is the food distributed amongst them? Does the Governor assist them, and not leave them unprovided for? If Chen Ya Man* has not yet moved within the walls, immediately Order him to make the move under escort."(18)
2.2.6.28.4. On JQ 18: 4: 28, Peng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify whether Chen Ya Man* has already gone to live within the walls and verify the state of the land situated at the foot of the mountain of the Temple of the Lepers." (85)
2.2.6.29. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE DEMOLITION OF HUTS
2.2.6.29.1. Undated; sent by Wei Li Dou*, the Portuguese Governor, in Macao. (146)
2.2.6.29.2. On JQ 22: 10: 7, a Document was presented by Cheng He Dian and others. In December, Zhou, sub zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order. (146)
2.2.6.29.3. Documents dated JQ 23: 1: 8, JQ 23: 1: 11, JQ 23: 1: XX, JQ 23: 2: 4, JQ 23: 4: 7; JQ 23: 4: 8, JQ 23: 4: 10, JQ 23: 4: 23. (146)
Another Document, is a reply from Zhong, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan. (146)
2.2.6.29.4. On JQ 23: 2: 1, a Document in Chinese and two Documents in Portuguese. They state:
"Demolish all huts. Build rows of houses with bricks and tiles."(n. n.)
2.2.6.29.5. On JQ 23: 5: 2, the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*, presented written Reports concerning the huts which were addressed respectively to the zhengtang of the Provinces of Guandong and Guangxi, also to the zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan and to the Customs Inspector, in Guangzhou. (150)
2.2.6.30. DOCUMENTS PROHIBITING THE SPREAD OF CATHOLICISM
2.2.6.30.1. On JQ 17: 4: 18, Pan, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Communicate the Order to the Functionary and the Macao Portuguese that they can only practice Catholicism among themselves and must not deceive the inland people into professing the religion. The Governor must not offer one-sided support. Throughout all Provinces there is a tendency to deceive the Inland people and bestow the title of Father and other titles without Authorization. (61)
2.2.6.30.2. On JQ 19: 19: 29, Ma, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Control the foreigners and make them comply with their duties and do trade, practice their religion and lead a peaceful life. Deceiving and inducing the inland inhabitants to go to Macao to profess Catholicism is prohibited. The Order of the zhengtang strictly prohibits the local inhabitants from professing Catholicism secretly and at the same time orders that Yan Ben Ming, native of Shanxi, who came to Guangdong to trade and deceive the others into joining the [Catholic] religion, be detained and severely punished. But the criminal went into hiding and was not caught. Recently, they say that many inland inhabitants went into Macao, met the foreigners and joined the [Catholic] religion. It is now vital to catch these people. The Catholics have mass and pray, which is a custom of the inhabitants of that Country and, initially, was not prohibited by this Empire. But in year 12 of the Qianlong Period, it came to pass that the foreigners induced the inland inhabitants to profess Catholicism. At the foot of the church of S. Paulo they built a church called "Church of Entry into Catholicism", which was exclusively aimed at Chinese joining the Catholic Church. At the time, the Commander of the District informed the zhengtang of the matter and was ordered to close the premises, eternally prohibiting it from opening without Authorization. More than sixty years have passed since. The Chinese inhabitants and the foreigners have lived in peace. But it is said that of late clandestine practice of Catholicism by the Chinese has arisen once again. They are either inhabitants of Macao or hail from nearby Counties. They were deceived and taken to Macao by ill-doers in Order to learn to pray and attend mass with the foreigners, which seriously violates the prohibitions of this Empire [...]. (n. n.)
2.2.6.31. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING YAN BEN MING
2.2.6.31.1. On JQ 19: 7: 5, Zhou, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Investigate Yan Ben Ming, who is linked with the instance of communication between the Catholic bandits and the criminal Liao Feng Yuan. If he hides in a foreign house, send him here immediately and in a proper manner." (105)
2.2.6.31.2. On JQ 19: 7: 25, Zhou, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Guarantee that Yan Ben Ming is not hidden in the houses and foreign temples of Macao." (102)
2.2.6.32. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING SU ZHEN SHENG AND OTHERS
2.2.6.32.1. In JQ 13: 6: XX, Xiong, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent
an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Su Zhen Sheng* declared that he would deal with local products of the House of Beitang, of Portugal, and for this reason he must continue living in Macao. He must not be allowed to live in the trading house of the Provincial Capital under the pretext of not being from the same Country. If he wants to return to the homeland, he must Report this in advance."(133)
2.2.6.32.2. On JQ 17: 2: 25, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify why the [Portuguese?] foreigner Su Zhen Sheng* delayed so long in boarding a ship back to his Country." (72)
2.2.6.32.3. On JQ 17: 3: 20, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"If there are merchant ships from Luzon [Philippines], or other ships travelling from Guangdong to Luzon, Order Gao Linyuan* and others to board the ship to return to their Country. The Governor must exercise strict control over them without allowing them to make contact with the inland inhabitants." (76)
2.2.6.32.4. On JQ 17: 3: 20, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Verify the departure date of Gao Linyuan* and others. Why did Wang Ya Ge Bo* remain?" (74)
2.2.6.32.5. On JQ 17: 4: 2, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Report the departure date of Gao Linyuan* and the other two. [...] Wang Ya Ge Bo* remained, why did he not return to the Country with them?" (60)
2.2.6.32.6. On JQ 17: 4: 5, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Immediately report the day and month of departure of Gao Linyuan* and the other two. The ship they boarded was from which Country? What illness was Wan Ya Ge Bo* suffering from? Did he get better? Has he already boarded a ship back to his Country?" (58)
2.2.6.32.7. On JQ 17: 4: 5, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Did Gao Linyuan* and the other two return to their Country? [...] Why did the Governor fail to immediately Report their departure date? Why did Wang Ya Ge Bo* remain?" (59)
2.2.6.32.8. On JQ 17: 4: 5, Pan, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
On the repatriation case of Gao Linyuan* and the other two." (63)
2.2.6.32.9. On JQ 17: 4: 13, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"To correct the name of the ship in which Gao Linyuan* and others were travelling for repatriation purposes. The ship's name was given as Le* instead of Lei Chen*." (62)
2.2.6.32.10. On JQ 17: 5: 12, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Order Wang Ya Ge Bo* not to delay medical treatment so that he can board a suitable ship for returning to his Country and Order him not to remain under the pretext of ill health." (55)
2.2.6.32.11. On JQ 17: 5: 22, Pan, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Immediately Order Wang Ya Ge Bo* to repatriate." (52)
2.2.6.32.12. On JQ 17: 5: 22, Ma，Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"If there is a suitable ship, immediately Order Wang Ya Ge Bo* to depart. Ship no2 is going to leave for Luzon [Philippines]. But this is a small ship, apart from space for the ship' s owner and the kitchen chef, there is no spare place. Wang Ya Ge Bo* is not like other sailors who are happy to eat and sleep on deck. It is unlikely that he will board this ship." (52)
2.2.6.32.13. On JQ 17: 5: 23, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Order Wang Ya Ge Bo* to depart immediately." (56)
2.2.6.32.14. On JQ 17: 5: 23, Ma, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Immediately Order Wang Ya Ge Bo* to depart. The Imperial Order demanded the repatriation of Gao Linyuan*, De Tian Ci*, Yan Shi Mo* and Wang Ya Ge Bo*, who were escorted to Macao, in December last year. In January this year, Gao* and two others boarded the ship Le* of "Country merchant" travelling to the port of Meng Ya Xia*, and from there they were going to board another suitable ship to return to their Country." (37)
2.2.6.32.15. On JQ 17: 5: 29, Zheng, zhengtang of his District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"There is a suitable ship in Macao right now. Order Wang Ya Ge Bo* to board this ship to return to the Country. Also he is cured of his illness." (36)
2.2.6.32.16. On JQ 17: 8: 20, Yang, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"If the Portuguese ship raises anchor, Wang Ya Ge Bo must be ordered to board, under escort. He must not be allowed to find pretexts not to do so. On account of age and illness, he cannot board the Luzon ship to return to his Country. Please extend the time Period so that when the Portuguese ship raises anchor, in the Winter, he will return to his Country on this ship." (29)
2.2.6.32.17. On JQ 17: 8: 20, Yang, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor and Foreign Functionary, Mei E*, stating that Wang Ya Ge Bo* was not permitted to find any more pretexts. (65)
2.2.6.32.18. On JQ 17: 9: 4, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Order the repatriation of Wang Ya Be Bo* under escort.' (69)
2.2.6.32.19. On JQ 17: 9: 4, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Within three days Report why the foreigner Su Zhen Sheng* delayed returning to his Country for so long?" (40)
2.2.6.32.20. On JQ 17: 9: 18, Gu, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Within three days, report, in line with real events, why Su Zhen Sheng* delayed boarding a suitable ship back to his Country for so long? Has he already gone somewhere else?" (27)
2.2.6.32.21. On JQ 17: 10: 1, Ji, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Order the repatriation of the foreigner Wang Ya Ge Bo* under escort." (28)
2.2.6.32.22. On JQ 17: 10: 1, Ji, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
"Make immediate arrangements for the repatriation of Su Zhen Sheng* under escort." (10)
2.2.6.32.23. On JQ 17: 10: 11, Ji, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
"Immediately verify the departure date of the Portuguese ship no20. Take the Portuguese Wang Ya Ge Bo* and Su Zhen Sheng* to the ship under escort for repatriation." (9)
2.2.6.32.24. On JQ 17: 10: 15, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
"If the Portuguese Su Zhen Sheng* is still allowed to remain and delay without being Ordered to repatriate under escort, the Governor will be held responsible." (13)
2.2.6.32.25. On JQ 17: 10: 21, Gu, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
"Verify the departure date of the Portuguese ships nos 10 and 11 which arrived this year. Take the Portuguese Wang Ya Ge Bo* and Su Zhen Sheng* to these ships under escort for repatriation. The Portuguese Ma Bing Qian* already returned to his Country on JQ 17: 1: 10."
Instructions from Han, xunfu of Guangzhou:
"It is said that it is not convenient to travel in the Luzon [Philippines] merchant ship to return to the [Home] Country. How is it then, that Gao Linyuan* and others were able to take this route? It is clear that they are simply making excuses. The Luzon [Philippines] ship has now departed, and the Portuguese ships arrived in Macao were able to raise anchor in JQ 17 [uncomplete date] [...]" (12)
2.2.6.32.26. On JQ 17: 10.24, Ji, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, for the purposes of the investigation, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor:
"Inform the foreigner Su Zhen Sheng* that he should postpone his repatriation journey on the foreign ship." (16)
2.2.6.32.27. On JQ 17: 10: 25, Gu, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
"Order Wang Ya Ge Bo* to board the Portuguese ship no 11 to return to his Country." (14)
2.2.6.32.28. On JQ 17: 10: 26, Ji, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
"Order the repatriation under escort of the Portuguese Wang Ya Ge* Bo, on ship no10, Yue Wang Shu Xia*." (15)
2.2.6.32.29. On JQ 17: 11: 16, Zheng, zhengtang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
"Immediately take Su Zhen Sheng* under escort to a merchant ship for repatriation. Immediately Report the name of the ship and departure date. If he continues to spurn the Order, the Governor will be held responsible." (6)
2.2.6.32.30. On JQ 17: 11: 22, Gu, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, gave an Order to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
"Immediately Order the repatriation of Wang Ya Ge Bo* under escort on ship no10, Yue Wang Shu Xia*." (7)
2.2.6.32.31. On JQ 17: 12: 5, Ji, Commander of the Army and the People of Macao, for the purposes of the investigation, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor:
"Su Zhen Sheng* is Authorized to remain in Guangzhou to deal with the affairs of the House of Beitang, of Portugal, and take care of their correspondence. It is not necessary to Order him to return to his Country. In accordance with the instructions of Zeng, buzhengshi of the Province, on [...], I verified that Su Zhen Sheng remains in Macao, living in the church of São José (St. Joseph) to deal with the Local products of the House of Beitang, of Portugal. (2)
2.2.6.32.32. On JQ 17: 12, Gu, zuotang of the District of Xiangshan, sent an Official Letter to the Portuguese Governor, A Liduo*:
Note: The content is the same as the previous paragraph. (3)
2.2.7. FANG Hao, Zhong Xi Jiao Tong Shi (A History of Sino-Western Communications), 5 vols., Taibei - People's Republic of China Chinese Culture Publishers - Da Dian Publishers [respectivelly], 1968, (July of the 57th year of the Republic of China).
Its 5th edition was completed and released in 1974 (July of the 63rd year of the Republic of China). From the 3rd volume on, there is a reasonable amount of information concerning Macao, especially in the 5th chapter of the 4th volume. According to the Chinese Recorder, by J. C. Thomson, vol. XIX, in the 3rd year of the Longqing Period (1869), the Bp. of Macao, Dom Melchior Cameiro, founded the first Hospital [in Macao] called Santa Casa da Misericórdia (Misericordy), which represents the beginning of the spread of modem Western medicine in China. It is also Recorded that a Hospital called S. Raphael's was founded in the seventeenth century. Thus, prior to the opening of the five Cities as commercial ports Macao was the only place in the whole of China where Western medicine existed. There are innumerable examples of this kind, for which reason the book is well worth consulting.
2.2.8. LUO Guang, Jiaoting yu Zhongguo Shijie Shi (A History' of the Vatican and Envoys to China), 2 vols., Taibei, Association of Biographic Literature, 1970, (December 1st of the 58th year of the Republic of China).
On Macao: vol. 1, chap. 1, para. 1-3; The History of Bu Mige, envoy of the Ming Dynasty to the Vatican: vol. 1, chap. 4, para. 1; The History of Bp. Duo Luozong, envoy of the Vatican to China; vol. 1, chap. 5, para. 4.
2.2.9. FANG Hao, Zhongguo Tianzhujiao Shi Renwu Zhuan (Biographies of Figures in the History of the Catholic Religion of China), 3 vols., Hong Kong- Taizhong, The House of the Truth of the Catholic Religion - Guangqi [respectivelly], 1970 [2nd edition: 1973].
Although this book is a joint edition of Hong Kong and Taiwan, it must he considered as a Taiwanese publication since the author is a Professor of the University of Taiwan and of the Political University of Taiwan (also because its price is given in Taiwanese currency and not in Hong Kong dollars).
In vol.2, in the part Biography of Lu Xiyan, four pages of his work Macao Register can be found; a copy of which is held in the Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris, [France], no 7043/9. The text deals with the situation in Macao at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, when the borders suffered alterations.
2.2.10. WANG Zhao Yong, comp., Aomen Za Shi (Various Poems from Macao), in "Collection of the Documentation of the Modern History of China", Taibei, Wenhai Publishers no 70, vol. 739.
Although this is a book of poems, it records information concerning Macanese society.
3. PAPERS CONCERNING THE HISTORY OF MACAO, PUBLISHEDIN THE TAIWAN AREA
Taiwan Periodicals published a reduced number of Articles relating to Macao, of which we only cite the following:
3.1. CHEN Cunren, On the Past and Present of Macao. in "Da Cheng Review", (42-43) May 6, 1969 (58th year of the Republic of China), pp. 2-9.
3.2. CHOU Si, Why were Hong Kong and Macao not able to become autonomous?, "Zong He Monthly Review", (153) August 1981 (70th year of the Republic of China), pp. 47-49,
3.3. WEI Meichang, Concerning the Location of Macao in the Pearl River Estuary, in "Information Concerning Research into the Modem History of China Review", (10) September 1980 (79th year of the Republic of China), pp. 145-151
3.4. LI Dezhao, Commentaries on the First Period of Macao - Hong Kong Relations, in "Infor mation Concerning Research Into the Modern History of China Review", (10) September 1980 (79th year of the Republic of China), pp. 223-232.
3.5. LI Dezhao, Research into the origin of the name of Macao and into "Porta Grande" ["Big Doorway"] Island (Da Men Dao), the first location [in China} reached by the Portuguese, "Essays in Honour of Professor Luo Xianglin", Xin Wen Feng Publishers, 1992 (81st year of the Republic of China), pp. 481-510.
4. DOCUMENTATION CONCERNING MACAO HELD IN THE TAIWAN AREA
The Documents located in the Archive of the Centre for Modern History Research annexed to the Central Institute for Research include pp. 5485, in vols. 281 catalogued into twenty-two different subjects. These Documents belonged respectively to the Cabinet of Foreign Affairs of the Prime Minister, from XF 10 (Xiafeng - 1861) to GX 27 (Guangxu - 1901), to the Ministry of Foreign Trade, from GX 27 to XT 3 (Xuantong - 1911), and to the Ministry of Foreign Relations, from 1912 (1st year of the Republic of China) to 1927 (16th year of the Republic of China). In May of 1991 (80th year of the Republic of China), 2 vols. were published of the Catalogue of the Archive of Foreign Trade, which renders it easier to obtain the Documents. In December of 1992 (81st year of the Republic of China), the 1st vol. of the Special Archives on Macao was published, which contains Documents ranging from TZ 1 (Tongzhi - 1862) to XT 1 (1909). All the Documents in this book are microfilm reproductions of the originals. Further Documents will be published shortly.
To follow is the Catalogue of the Documentation on Macao held in the Archive and photocopies of selected documents which were not yet published.
Translated from the Chinese by: Zoe Copeland
Revised by: Luisa Hoyer Millar
CHINESE GLOSSARY
A Liduo 呵黎哆
Ah Er Shan Zhe 呵尔山遮
An Duo Ni Gu Lu Shu 咹哆呢咕噜■
Andili 咹哋哩
Aomen Gong Du Ou Cun 澳门公澳门公读偶存
Aomen Huaqiao Jiaoyu 澳门华侨 教育
Aomen Huaqiao Zhi 澳门华侨志
Aomen Jilüe 澳门纪略
Aomen Xiangang Zhi Zao qi Guanxi 澳门香港之早期关系
Aomen Za Shi 澳门杂诗
Ba Jin Ren 
Bai Ba 
Bei Tang 北堂
Beijing 北京
Bi Li Ji 
Bu Di Shao 唎
Bu Mige 卜弥格
Cai Guozhen 蔡国侦
Cha Lao Ge 茶老哥
Chen A Zhen 陈阿贞
Chen Cunren 陈存仁
Chen Wen Shi 陈温氏
Chen Ya Man 陈亚满
Cheng He Dian 成合店
Cheng Zuoheng 程佐衡
Chengdu 成都
Chou Si 抽丝
Da Cheng 大成
Da Dian 大典
Da Heng Qin 大横琴
Da Men Dao 大门岛
De 德
De Tian Ci 德天赐
Dengzhou 登州
Ding Zhongjiang 丁中江
Dongtang 东堂
dudu 都督
Duo Luozong 多罗宗
Fang Guojie 方国杰
Fang Hao 迉豪
Fang Hao Liushi Zi Ding Gao 方豪六十自定稿
Fang Yahao 方亚豪
Fanxian 藩县
Feng Hanshu 冯汉树
Foshan 佛山
Fu Lang Si Shi Gu 哆
咕
Fujian 福建
Fuzhengtang 府正堂
Gan Yagong 甘亚拱
Gao Erlian 高而廉
Gao Linyuan 高临湘
Gengzi 庚子
Gu 顾
Guan 官
Guang Wen 广文
Guangqi 光启
Guangxu 光绪
Guo Ningyuan 郭宁远
Guo Yahan 郭亚翰
Guo Yongliang 郭永亮
Hai Ri 海日
Han 汉
Houmen 后门
Hua Wen 华文
Huang Yayi 黄亚意
Huangpu 黄埔
Ji吉
Ji Kai Feng 纪开丰
Ji Li Ge 季利哥
Ji Shui Men 急水门
Ji Zhengjiao 季郑樵
Jia Bi Li 呷嚊唎
Jia La Shi 
喇
Jia Qing 嘉庆
Jiang Kangnian 江康年
Jiaoting Yu Zhongguo Shijie Shi 教廷与中国使节史
Jijingyang 鸡颈洋
Jin Bu Lu 金咘
La Chan Er 喇单尔
La Fo 喇佛
Le 力
Lei Chen 肋臣
Li 李
Li 里
Li Dechao 李德超
Li Hongzhang 李鸿章
Li Ka 叻咖
Li Shi 厘时
Li Zhenhua 李振华
Liang 梁
Liao Feng Yuan 寥逢源
Lin Shucang 林述苍
Lin Ya Pei 林亚沛
Ling Yun 岭云
Ling Yun Hai Ri Lou Shi Chao 岭云海日楼诗钞
Linghai Yi Wen Lu 岭海毕闻录
Liu 利
Liu Degao 利德高
Liu Qifang 利启芳
Liu Shixun 利式训
Longqing 隆庆
Lu Chen 
Lu Xiyan 陆希言
Luo 罗
Luo Guang 罗光
Luo Wei Zhi Ka 啰喂
咖
Luo Xianglin 罗香林
Luomo 罗陌
Ma 马
Ma Bing Qian 马秉乾
Mage 妈阁
Me Lu 麽卢
Mei E 眉额
Mei E Dai Li Chi Jia Bu Long Die Tu Li Wei Xia 
带呖吃
咘隆嗲吐喱喴嚹
Meng Ya Xia 
呀罅
Miao Tai缪泰
Ming 明
Ming Shi Lu 明实录
Na 那
Nan Huai Ren 南环仁
Nanjing 南京
Pan 潘
Pan Jia Cheng 潘嘉成
Peng 彭
Pu著
Qi Xun 祁顺
Qia Ke Tu 恰克图
Qianlong 乾隆
Qianshan 前山
Qing 清
Qing Shi Lu 清实绿
Qiu Fengjia 丘逢甲
Rong Jin Ming Yu 
吟
sanban 三板
Shandong 山东
Shanghai 上海
Shanxi 山西
Shaoyang 郡养
Shi Huiyuan 史惠元
Shi Wenji 史文机
Shiliu zhu 十六柱
Shunde 顺德
Si Da 呞哒
Su Zhensheng 苏振生
Sun Yuwen 孙毓汶
Taibei 台北
Taiwan 台湾
Taizhong 太中
Tan Zaijiao 潭仔脚
Ti Xian 逖仙
Tianjin 天津
Tongzhi 同知
Wang 汪
Wang Ya Ge Bo 王雅合伯
Wanzai 湾仔
Wei Tu Fei 味吐
Wei Meichang 魏美昌
Wenhai 文海
Wu A Jie 吴阿杰
Wu Dun Yuan 伍敦元
Wu Gui Shan 五桂山
Wu Xiangxiang 吴相相
Wu Ya Biao 吴亚表
Wu Yadi 吴亚蒂
Wu Yushan 吴渔山
Xia Zhi Bai 吓
Xianfeng咸丰
Xiangshan 香山
Xiao Heng Qin 小横琴
Xin Wei 辛未
Xin Wen Feng 新文丰
Xin'an 新安
Xuantong 宣统
Ya Gu Xian Yu Di Sha 哑
哋唦
Yan 延
Yan Benming 严本明
Yan Shi Mo 颜诗莫
Yang 杨
Yang Anduoni 咉咹哆呢
Yang Sheng 阳生
Yaojing 摇径
Ye Hengshu 叶恒澍
Yi Kuang 奕劻
Yin Guangren 印光任
Yu Tiancang 余天苍
Yu Yougong 余有功
Yu Zhe 
Yue Wang Chu Xia 月旺疏夏
Yunnan 云南
Zhang 张
Zhang Jikuan 张济宽
Zhang Rulin 张汝霖
Zhang Zhi Dong 张之洞
Zhao Yunqing 赵允青
Zhen Nu Miao 贞女庙
Zhen Nu Yuan 贞女院
Zhen Qi 振绮
Zheng 正
Zhengtang 正堂
Zhong 重
Zonghe 综合
Zhong Shan Wenxian 中山文献
Zhongxi Jiaotong Shi 中西交通史
Zhongguo Tianzhujiao Shi Renwu Zhuan 中国天主教史人物传
Zhongwai Tiaoyue Huiban 中外条约汇编
Zhou 周
Zi Cha Dong 嗞喳咚
Zuotang 左堂
* Born in Macao. Professor in the Department of Literature, University of Chinese Culture (Taibei).
**This number and all others that will appear at the end of each entry are provisional.
*** Hereafter, spelling according to Chinese pronunciation. Pinyin romanized transliteration.
**** This Document has two appendices in Portuguese.
start p. 147
end p.